How is tuberculosis treated?
Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lungs, but can also invade other organs. In recent years, the treatment plan for tuberculosis has been continuously optimized. Based on the hot topics and hot content on the entire network in the past 10 days, this article will give a structured introduction to the treatment methods, drug selection and precautions for tuberculosis.
1. Principles of treatment of tuberculosis
Treatment of tuberculosis needs to followEarly, joint, appropriate, regular, whole processprinciples to avoid the development and recurrence of drug resistance. Here are the core points of treatment:
| Treatment principles | Description |
|---|---|
| early treatment | Start treatment immediately after diagnosis to reduce the risk of transmission |
| Combination medication | Use multiple anti-tuberculosis drugs to prevent drug resistance |
| Use the right amount of medication | Adjust dosage according to weight and condition |
| Take medication regularly | Strictly follow the medication time and avoid missing doses |
| Full treatment | Complete 6-9 months of treatment and do not discontinue medication midway |
2. Commonly used anti-tuberculosis drugs
Current first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs include isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. Here are the drug details:
| Drug name | Mechanism of action | Common side effects |
|---|---|---|
| Isoniazid (INH) | Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis | Hepatotoxicity, peripheral neuritis |
| Rifampicin (RIF) | Inhibit RNA synthesis | Hepatotoxicity, gastrointestinal reactions |
| Pyrazinamide (PZA) | Interfering with bacterial metabolism | Hyperuricemia, joint pain |
| Ethambutol (EMB) | Inhibits bacterial RNA synthesis | Optic neuritis (rare) |
3. Standardized treatment plan
According to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, treatment of tuberculosis is divided into two stages:
| treatment stage | drug combination | Course of treatment |
|---|---|---|
| Reinforcement period | Isoniazid + Rifampicin + Pyrazinamide + Ethambutol | 2 months |
| Consolidation period | Isoniazid + Rifampicin | 4-7 months |
4. Treatment of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis
For drug-resistant tuberculosis (such as multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, MDR-TB), second-line drugs need to be used, and the treatment course is extended to 18-24 months. Bedaquiline and Delamanid, mentioned in popular discussions, are new anti-tuberculosis drugs suitable for drug-resistant cases.
| Resistance type | Recommended medicine | Course of treatment |
|---|---|---|
| Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) | Bedaquiline + linezolid + cycloserine | 18-24 months |
| Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) | Delamani+Clofazimine+Amikacin | Over 24 months |
5. Precautions during treatment
1.Regular review: Check liver function and sputum smears monthly to evaluate efficacy.
2.nutritional support: High protein and high vitamin diet to enhance immunity.
3.quarantine measures: Cover your mouth and nose when coughing to avoid infecting others.
4.psychological counseling: Long-term treatment may cause anxiety and requires psychological intervention.
6. Assisted treatment with traditional Chinese medicine
It has been mentioned in recent hot topics that traditional Chinese medicine (such as Baiji, Baiji) can help relieve symptoms, but it needs to be used in combination with Western medicine and cannot replace anti-tuberculosis treatment.
Summary
The treatment of tuberculosis needs to strictly follow medical guidelines and adhere to medication throughout the course. The emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis poses a global public health challenge, but new drugs and personalized regimens offer hope to patients. Timely medical treatment and scientific treatment are the key!
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